4/19/2009

Shungiku

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"Spring Chrysantheum" (shungiku) as food

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All spring
***** Category: Plant / Humanity


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Explanation

Spring chrysanthemum, shungiku 春菊 (しゅんぎく )
garland chrysanthemum
leaves of chrysanthemum, kikuna 菊菜(きくな)
..... shingiku しんぎく

Since its flowers resemble those of a chrysanthemum in autumn, it is called like this in the Kanto area. In Kansai, the resemblance of the leaves is stressed with the word kikuna.
It came originally from Europa to Japan in the 15th centruy. As edible food, it became important during WW2, when any kind of meat was scarce.

The most important areas of planting garland chrysanthemums are Chiba, Osaka and Ibaraki.


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Garland chrysanthemum (Leucanthemum coronarium, Chrysanthemum coronarium), also known as chrysanthemum greens or edible chrysanthemum, is a leaf vegetable in the genus Leucanthemum. It is referred to as tong hao in Chinese (茼蒿), shungiku (春菊) in Japanese, and ssukgat in Korean. It is popular in Cantonese cuisine, especially in the cuisine of Hong Kong, and in the Japanese in Nabemono (Japanese hot pot). Overcooking should be avoided and it is recommended to add it at the last moment to hot pot since it easily loses the structure. Young leaves and stems are used for flavoring soup and stir-fry. The leaves are an important ingredient in Taiwanese Oyster omelettes and, when young, are used along with stems to flavor soup and stir-fry.
.................................................. other names
chop-suey-green
crown daisy
garland chrysanthemum
Japanese-green
tangho
tongho
shungiku
antimonio
mirabeles
moya
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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CLICK for more photos The young leaves are best eaten from November till March. They are often seen in the various nabe hodgepodges.
The leaves should be kept fresh in a plastic bag until eaten.
Since the stems are rather hard, they are cut into small pieces and left to cook for a longer time.
The leaves are also used with aemono dressings or ohitashi お浸しblanched or in salads.

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gomaae, goma ae 春菊のごまあえ sesame dressing

jenobaso-su 春菊のジェノバソース風 Genova sauce

katteji chiizu 春菊とカッテージチーズの和え物 with cottage cheese

mazegohan 春菊の混ぜごはん mixed with rice

nori 春菊のお浸しのり風味 Blanched spring chrysanthemums with nori laver
The shredded nori are added just before serving.

piinattsu ae 春菊のピーナッツバターあえ with peanuts dressing

kik, toga
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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


夕支度春菊摘んで胡麻摺って 
yuujitaku shungiku tsunde goma sutte

preparing dinner
she picks spring chrysanthemums
and grinds sesame seeds 
       

Kusama Tokihiko 草間時彦


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ひとたきに菊菜のかをりいや強く 
hitotaki ni kikuna no kaori iya tsuyoku

boiled just once
the fragrance of spring chrysanthemums
still quite strong 
     

Takahama Toshio 高浜年尾


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汁のみの足に咲けり菊の花
shiru no mi no tashi ni sakikeri kiku no hana

they have bloomed
just for the soup broth -
chrysanthemum blossoms


Kobayashi Issa



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Related words


hinagiku 雛菊 (ひなぎく) "princess chrysanthemum"
an English daisy
choomeigiku 長命菊(ちょうめいぎく)chrysanthemum for long life
..... enmeigiku 延命菊(えんめいぎく)
tokishirazu ときしらず "not knowing time"
diijii デージー



kigo for late spring

azumagiku 東菊 (あずまぎく) "Azuma chrysanthemum"
(Azuma is an old name for the Kanto region)
..... azumagiku 吾妻菊(あずまぎく)
Gymnaster savatieri
miyako wasure ミヤコワスレ(都忘れ)
"forgot the capital of Kyoto"
..... noshungiku 野春菊(のしゅんぎく)wild spring chrysanthemum


hanawagiku 花輪菊 (はなわぎく) Tricolor chrysanthemum

hana shungiku 花春菊(はなしゅんぎく)



shineraria シネラリア cineraria
saineria サイネリア
shirotaegiku 白妙菊(しろたえぎく)Shirotae chrysanthemum
fuukigiku 富貴菊(ふうきぎく)Fuuki chrysanthemum
fukigiku 蕗菊(ふきぎく)Fuki chrysanthemum
fukisakura 蕗桜(ふきざくら)Fuki cherry
shuntoogiku しゅんとう菊(しゅんとうぎく)
Senecio cruenta
Zinerarie, Aschenpflanze


***** . Plants in Spring - SAIJIKI .


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***** Chrysanthemum (kiku) ... a KIGO

WASHOKU
Edible blossoms, edible flowers (shokuyoo no hana)



***** WASHOKU : INGREDIENTS


***** WASHOKU SAIJIKI : SPRING



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Hoorensoo spinach

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Spinach (hoorensoo)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Early Spring
***** Category: Plant


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Explanation

spinach 菠薐草 (ほうれんそう, ほうれん草) hoorensoo, horenso
Spinacia oleracea



It has been introduced to Japan in the 16th century, via Iran (the old Chinese name for Iran was Hoorenkoku 菠薐国.
So its name means "leaves from the country of Hooren".

In Japan it is prepared as a leafy vegetable. In Europe it is often used squashed as a puree.


WASHOKU
Spring Vegetables


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Popeye used to eat it to get strong, remember?!


Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
is an edible flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. It is native to central and southwestern Asia. It is an annual plant (rarely biennial), which grows to a height of up to 30 cm. Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions. The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to triangular-based, very variable in size from about 2-30 cm long and 1-15 cm broad, with larger leaves at the base of the plant and small leaves higher on the flowering stem. The flowers are inconspicuous, yellow-green, 3-4 mm diameter, maturing into a small hard dry lumpy fruit cluster 5-10 mm across containing several seeds.

Primitive forms of spinach are found in Nepal and that is probably where the plant was first domesticated. Other than the Indian subcontinent, it was unknown in the ancient world. After the early Muslim conquests the plant spread to other areas. In 647, it was taken to China, possibly by Persians. Muslim Arabs diffused the plant westward up to Islamic Spain. By the eleventh century it was a common plant in the Muslim world.

Iron
Spinach is known as a rich source of iron and calcium. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, a 180 gram serving of boiled spinach contains 6.43 mg of iron, whereas one 6 oz. (170 gram) ground hamburger patty contains at most 4.42 mg. Thus spinach does contain a relatively high level of iron, compared to other vegetable and meat sources.
Spinach has a high nutritional value and is extremely rich in antioxidants, especially when fresh, steamed, or quickly boiled.

Savoy has dark green, crinkly and curly leaves.
Flat/smooth leaf spinach has broad smooth leaves that are easier to clean than savoy.
Semi-savoy is a hybrid variety with slightly crinkled leaves.

© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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hoorensoo no goma-ae ほうれん草のごまあえ
spinach with sesame dressing
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


hoorensoo no bataa itame ほうれん草のバター炒め
fried with butter

hoorensoo no ohitashi ほうれん草のお浸し
boiled spinach seasoned with soy sauce


hoorensoo to beekon ほうれん草とベーコン
spinach with bacon
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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Worldwide use

Spinat

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Things found on the way



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HAIKU and SENRYU


hoorensoo
a worm upon
his salad


Brenda Roberts, USA



hoorensoo bekon
the first dish i learn
to cook in japan


John Tiong Chunghoo



with boiled eggs
a dish of hoorensoo
and Chinese tea


Ella Wagemakers, Holland



washing hoorensoo -
an spider offended
came out and go...


Mataji Olga, Italy

. WKD ... on FACEBOOK .


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Related words

***** WASHOKU :
YASAI . Vegetable SAIJIKI



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Satsuma imo

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Sweet potatoe (satsuma imo)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various
***** Category: Plant


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Explanation

Ipomoea batatas
Batate., satsumaimo, satsuma-imo 薩摩芋, サツマイモ
potato from Satsuma (old name for Kagoshima)

sweet potatoe

kigo for mid-summer

flower of the sweet potato
satsumaimo no hana 甘藷の花 (さつまいものはな)

薩摩芋の花(さつまいものはな)
kansho no hana 甘藷の花(かんしょのはな)


kigo for mid-autumn

satsumaimo 甘藷 さつまいも sweet potato
autumn of the sweet potatoe, imo no aki 甘藷の秋(いものあき)

imo 藷(いも), imo 甘藷(いも),
"Chinese potatoe", karaimo 唐藷(からいも)
"Okinawa potatoe", Ryuukyuu imo 琉球薯(りゅうきゅういも)
"Satsuma potatoe", satsumaimo 薩摩薯(さつまいも)
"island potatoe" shima imo, shimaimo 島いも(しまいも)
bansho 蕃薯(ばんしょ),koosho 紅薯(こうしょ)

digging up sweet potatoes 甘藷掘(いもほり)imo hori
field of sweet potatoes, imo batake 甘藷畑(いもばたけ)
vines of sweet potatoes, imozuri 藷蔓(いもづる)

dried sweet potatoes, hoshiimo, hoshi-imo 干藷(ほしいも)


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. Tanegashima Annoo Imo 種子島あんのう芋 / 安納芋
mitsuimo, mitsu imo 蜜芋 "honey sweet potato"


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The student of European Knowledge (rangaku), Aoki Konyoo あおきこんよう【青木昆陽 1698~1769】from Satsuma studied the nutritious value of these potatoes and thus saved the people from starving during the Edo perod.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
He was therefore called "Doctor Sweet Potato", 'Master Sweet Potato' (kansho sensei) かんしょせんせい【甘藷先生】.


. Aoki Konyoo 青木昆陽 Memorial .
In Fudōdōchō, Chiba 不動堂町 千葉県



satsuma imo harvest
Harvesting sweet potatoes


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CLICK for more satsuma imo dishes CLICK for more dishes


Dishes with sweet potatoes
satsuma imo ryoori さつま芋料理



daigakuimo 大学芋 candied sweet potatoe
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
kandierte Süßkartoffel



imokenpi いもけんぴ sweet potatoe sticks
a deep/fried crunchy snack, also sold in packets.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Recipe


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kankoro かんころ 甘古呂
sweet potatoes are cut into circles of about 1 cm thickness and dried in the sun (and hopefully some cold wind from the sea, as in Shodoshima, Kagawa). Since the rings of potatoes roll around koronkoron, the name was given to this food.
The dry sweet potatoes are grind to flour in a stone grinder. The flour is used to prepare various dishes. This was a way to preserve the sweet potatoes for winter.

In Shodoshima there is almost no rice grown and people used sweet potatoe dishes instead. The island was also called "Sweet potatoe island さつまいもの島".

kankoro soba かんころそば noodles of sweet potatoe flour
from Mito peninsula, Shodoshima 三都半島(みと)
The skin is also used for making the flour and the final product looks slightly brown. 70% kankoro flour, 30% wheat flour is mixed. Dashi is made from iriko sardines.
The noodles are eaten with a bit of ginger and spring onion cuts.
CLICK for more photos


kankoro dango かんころ団子 / かんころだんご dumplings
imodango イモ団子
They were formed by the mother with her hands only and showed the imprints of her fingers.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. . . . . one more dish from Shodoshima

satsumaimo no tsuru no tsukudani
さつまいもの蔓(つる)の佃煮
boiled vines of the sweet potatoe
The vine was also used as a toy for girls, they prepared earrings out of it by tearing about 6 small bits out of one vine, letting it hang on one thin fiber connected to the vine.
After the war, anything was used to eat, so the vines of the sweet potatoes in this area were simmered with soy sauce and kombu. Today the tsukudani makers take pride in their work, using the best konbu from Rausu and Rishiri off Hokkaido and a special soy sauce (saishikomi) from the island.
Just blending the ingredients for about two hours by hand in huge pots with a special ladle takes a few years to learn.
A special finely chopped tsukudani for children can be eaten with a raw egg on rice (tamagokake gohan 卵掛けご飯), a simple but delicious dish.
Tsukudani is also served on toast on the island, with a bit of mayonaise or cheese: tsukudani toast 佃煮トースト.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


kankoromochi kankoro mochi かんころもち(甘古呂餅)
speciality of Goto Retto Islands, off Nagasaki
These mochi are not so hard and have a green color.
yomogi or sesame was also added to the mix.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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imodango, imo dango いも団子 / さつま芋団子 / 芋団子
kara imodango からいもダンゴ
dumplings from sweet potatoes
They can be yellow or from purple satsumaimo. The potatoes are cooked and made to a mash in a suribachi, with a little dango flour added. Then salt and a lot of zarame raw suger is added to the imo dango 芋だんご.



They are wrapped in leaves of sane no ha さねの葉, which have a faint fragrance of pepeprmint.

CLICK for original LINK and more photos
The whole dumpling is then put into a SUME スメ, a hot steamer from the local underground hot steam of the Unagi onsen 鰻温泉 hot spring. Each home has its own "sume steamer" outside, some even use the hot steam indoors as a kind of floor heating.
. . . CLICK here for Photos of Unagi Hotspring!

The flat dumplings are enjoyed together with friends or neighbors, as a snack during field work and on the sekku festivals in Spring.
Speciality from Ibusuki town いぶすき【指宿市】.
安納芋 Annoo imo from Kagoshima
CLICK here for PHOTOS !


. WASHOKU
Regional Dishes from Kagoshima (Satsuma)



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keeki 薩摩芋のケーキ cake with sweet potatoes
see photo above



kinpira, satsumaimo no kinpira 牛蒡と薩摩芋のきんぴら
simmered in soy sauce with burdock
. . . CLICK here for Photos !




Naruto Kintoki satsuma imo 鳴門金時 サツマイモ
Naruto sweet potatoes
from Tokushima
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Cheese cake with sweet potatoes


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nettabo ねったぼ dumplings from mashed sweet potatoes and mochigome rice
Sprinkled with kinako powder.
Kagoshima
It takes some time to prepare, but now even some schools are serving this to revive the local food traditions.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


satsumazuke さつま漬け pickled sweet potatoes
from Kagoshima



tenpura てんぷら、天婦羅 
Tempura with slices of sweet potatoes


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


kuwazuimo, kuwazu imo くわずいも (食わず芋)
"potato not to be eaten"

Alocasia oddora
Found in Shikoku on Ashizuri Misaki, flowers in june/july. Has poison and can not be eaten.
Maybe brought by currents from the lost continent Sundaland スンダランド.


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HAIKU



芋団子汗の童べ膝に肩に
imodango ase no warabe hiza ni kata ni

sweet potato dumplings -
(I place) the swetting baby on my knees
on my shoulder


Hosoya Genji 細谷源二 (1906 - 1970)


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The mountain's sorrows
the sweet potato digger
can readily tell

Matsua Basho (1644-1694)
Tr. ??
from The Knapsack Notebook
source : www.soupsong.com


此山のかなしさ告よ野老掘
kono yama no kanashisa tsuge yo tokoro-hori

Basho at Temple Jingu-ji

at temple 伊勢の菩提山(ぼだいせん)神宮寺. This temple has been founded by waka-poet and priest Saigyo, but has fallen to ruin when Basho visited.


This seems the Japanese to go with it, but it is about the
tororo potato, yama-imo, Dioscorea opposita, a kind of YAM.


another Japanese version is this:


山寺の悲しさ告げよ野老掘り
yamadera no kanashisa tsugeyo tororo hori

tell us about
the sad fate of this mountain temple -
digger of yam

Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉

yamadera, a temple in the mountains 山寺


tororoimo, tororo imo とろろ芋


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Related words

***** WASHOKU : INGREDIENTS

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Shokuyoo no hana

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Edible blossoms, edible flowers
(shokuyoo no hana)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation

Blumen zum Essen 食用の花
essbare Blumen, ebßare Blumen
エディブルフラワー ediburu furawaa


. . . CLICK here for Photos !

CLICK for some more photos


These blossoms contain a lot of vitamins and minerals, just as our edible vegetables. They are now often sold in sets of various colors in the supermarket, to give color to the daily meals. They also have an effect in the color therapy. So if you are tired, prepare a cup of hot water in a glass and drop an edible flower in it, it will make you feel better.
See the cherry blossom tea below.

Vitamin A
cosmos, pansies, dianthus, calendula, nasturtium ナスターチウム

Vitamin C
roses, carnation, touch-me-not (Impatiens balsamina, hoosenka ほうせんか【鳳仙花】 Balsamine; Springkraut, auch kinrenka キンレンカ(金蓮花) )

dietary fibers 食物繊維
Dianthus, roses, carnations and others.


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pansies and violas
Veilchen
CLICK for original LINK
© PHOTO : www.na-ta.net


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WASHOKU :
Seven Herbs of Spring. Haru no Nanakusa 春の七草



Maybe the most famous is the rapeseed flower, nanohana.

WASHOKU :
rape blossoms, rape flower, na no hana 菜の花



菜の花や月は東に日は西に
na no hana ya tsuki wa higashi ni hi wa nishini

rapeseed blossoms -
the moon is in the east,
the sun in the west

Yosa Buson





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WASHOKU :
"Spring Chrysantheum" (shungiku) as food

春菊 (しゅんぎく )


kakinomoto, kaki no moto かきのもと
edible chrysanthemums from Niigata
They have a violet color and become even more colorful when dipped in vinegar and cold water.
as hitashi, with some vinegar, they become even more colorful
as tenpura, tsukudani, goma-ae or on chirashizushi
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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bara バラ roses
contain a lot of vitamin C and fibers. Good for constipation.
Flowers are used for jelly and jam. Tea, also rose hip tea.
WKD : rose, bara 薔薇 (ばら) KIGO
Rosen
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kanzoo カンゾウ(萱草)daylily blossoms
They last only one day, but taste mild and juicy.
put into soups
Taglilienknospen

WKD : Daylily (kanzoo) KIGO


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haibisukasu ハイビスカス, 食用ハイビスカス
Hibiscus
Made into a sour kind of tea.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Hibiskus, Hibiskustee


Rose of Sharon (mukuge) / Hibiscus (bussooge) KIGO

Cotton rose, Rose-Mallow (fuyoo, fuyo, fuyoh) Hibiscus mutabilis. KIGO


hosuta, gibooshi ホスタ, (ギボウシ 擬宝珠)
hosta blossoms

a kind of lily
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Hosta-Blume

Gibooshi no Hana 擬宝珠の花 KIGO


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kanna 食用カンナ(ショクヨウカンナ)Canna
Canna generalis
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
kigo for autumn



kosumosu コスモス cosmos flowers
Cosmos bipinnatus. Mexican aster
キバナコスモス kibana kosumosu has been used as food since the Showa period. It represents autumn on the table.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Schmuckkörbchen
akizakura 秋桜 (あきざくら) "autumn cherry (blossoms)"

kigo for mid-autumn

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panjii パンジー pansy
They come in many lovely colors. They have no strong smell or special taste and can go with salad or into soups.
Stiefmütterchen; Viola tricolor var. hortensis.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Pansy, pansies
"Three-colored violet", sanshoku sumire 三色菫
Viola Pansie, panjii uioora パンジー ウイオーラ



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rabendaa ラベンダー lavender
It balaces the taste of meat and fish.
Made into bisquits and icecream.
More often used for aroma oils アロマオイル.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Lavendel. lat.: Lavandula.

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CLICK for more photos

sakuracha 桜茶 cherry blossom tea
from salted pickled cherry blossoms
This tea is good for a hangover.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Kirschblütentee

WKD : Cherry Blossoms (sakura) KIGO



湯の宿の客にもてなす桜茶
yu no yado no kyaku ni motenasu sakuracha

at the hot spring resort
guests are welcomed with
cherry blossom tea


Watanabe sama 渡辺様


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suiitopii スイートピー sweet peas
Lathyrus odoratus.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Wicke


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Worldwide use


Das Auge isst mit
Traditionelle japanische Speisen werden auf einem Tablett serviert. Bei der einfachsten Anrichtung liegen ganz vorne die Essstäbchen, rechts darüber die Schale mit der Miso-Suppe, links darüber die Schale mit dem Reis. In der zweiten Reihe steht rechts eine Schale mit Gemüse, links eine Platte mit Fisch oder Fleisch, der Kopf des Fisches zeigt dabei nach links. Dazwischen steht noch eine kleinere Schale mit eingelegtem Gemüse (tsukemono). Je nach Jahreszeit können einige bunte Blüten oder Blätter diesem einfachen Gedeck etwas Festliches verleihen.
Im Restaurant wird besonderen Wert auf passendes Geschirr und elegante jahreszeitliche Dekoration gelegt . Einen Höhepunkt dieser Präsentation von Speisen bietet die Kaiseki-Cuisine, bei der alles mit künstlerischer Sorgfalt zubereitet wird, um den bestmöglichen ästhetischen Eindruck zu erreichen.

Das gute Geschäft mit den Blättern
Die richtigen Blüten und Blätter je nach Jahreszeit für die Dekoration zu bekommen, ist für ein Restaurant im Stadtgebiet von Kyoto oder Tokyo gar nicht so einfach. Inzwischen haben sich einige Gemeinden in Shikoku darauf spezialisiert und machen ein „Geschäft mit Blättern“. Die Bauern sammeln Blätter aus dem Wald und pflanzen besondere Farnkräuter, Bambus, Bäume und Büsche mit dekorativen grünen Blättern und Ahornbäume, die im Herbst wegen ihrer roten Blätter geschätzt sind. Die Blätter werden gewaschen, sortiert und in kleinen Mengen verpackt, Angebot und Nachfrage erfolgt über das Internet, das die Bauersfrauen schnell selbst zu beherrschen gelernt haben. „Ich bin ganz stolz auf unser „Geschäft mit den Blättern“, dadurch hat unser Dorf neues Leben gewonnen und die Nachbarschaft hat etwas zu tun. Es ist genau das richtige für uns alte Leute!“, berichtet Frau Higuchi, 72 Jahre alt, aus dem Dorf Kamikatsu in Tokushima.
Farnkräuter vermitteln einem Gedeck in den Januartagen das besondere Festgefühl zum Neuen Jahr, Bambusblätter geben einem Sommergericht etwas Kühle und Frische und im Herbst dürfen die roten Ahornblätter und die glänzenden bunt gefleckten Blätter der Persimonenbäume nicht fehlen.


Beim „Inari-Zushi mit Blüten“ schneidet die Hausfrau kleine Blütenformen direkt aus den bunten Speisen. Gelb aus Omelett, grün aus Brokolistämmen, weiß oder rot aus Kamaboko, orange aus Karotten – der Fantasie sind hier keine Grenzen gesetzt.


Tempura von roten Ahornblättern
Die roten Blätter des Ahorns symbolisieren den Herbst Japans und dienen der herbstlichen Dekoration auf dem Speisetisch. Sie bilden in der Natur einen wunderbaren Kontrast mit den vielen weißen Wasserfällen des Landes.
In ferner Vergangenheit, im siebten Jahrhundert praktizierte der Asket En no Gyooja, Gründer der Shugendoo und der Yamabushi-Bergpriester, am Wasserfall in Mino, in der Nähe von Osaka und nährte sich dabei nur von den Pflanzen des Waldes. Die roten Ahornblätter glänzten verlockend in ihrer roten Pracht, so pflückte er sich einige, briet sie im Rapsöl seiner kleinen Lampe und verspeiste sie mit großem Genuß. In Erinnerung an diese Überlieferung wird heute noch am Temple Minoji ein süßes Tempura zubereitet. Die Ahornblätter müssen ein Jahr in Salzl liegen, bis sie essbar sind. Dann werden sie mit einem süßen Ausbackteig, in dem Zucker und Sesam vermischt sind, in Rapsöl zu einem aromatischen Tempura ausgebacken. So entstand ein begehrtes Reisemitbringsel dieser Gegend.
http://washokufood.blogspot.com/2008/02/momiji-tenpura-sweets.html



Essbare Blüten
Neben den Blüten als farbigen Dekorationen werden auch einige Blüten direkt verspeist. Sie enthalten Vitamine und Ballaststoffe im Dienste der Gesundheit und erfreuen obendrein nach dem Konzept der Farbtherapie das Auge und die Seele durch ihre Farbenpracht.
Stiefmütterchen, Schmuckkörbchen, Kapuzinerkresse, Ringelblume und Nelken enthalten viel Vitamin A, Rosen, Nelken und Springkraut Vitamin C. Rosen und Nelken sind reich an Ballaststoffen.
Diese Blüten finden sich mit Zucker in Küchlein gebacken, im Winter im Eintopf und im Sommer auf Salaten.

Chrysanthemenblüten
sind wegen ihrer kräftigen gelben Farbe beliebt. Chrysanthemen sind in Japan die Symbolblume für die kaiserliche Familie.

Hibiskusblüten
werden häufig zu Tee verarbeitet.

Kirschblüten
bringen den Frühling auf den Tisch.
Tee von in Salz eingelegten Kirschblüten, s.S.?172.

Lavenderblüten
haben einen kräftigen Eigengeschmack und passen gut zu Fleisch- und Fischgerichten. Sie werden auch in Biskuits und Eiscreme verarbeitet.

Rapsblüten
bringen den Frühling auf den Tisch und in die Eintöpfe. Raps wird besonders in der Präfektur Chiba angebaut.

Rosenblüten
enthalten viel Vitamin C und Faserstoffe. Sie sind wirksam bei Verstopfung. Sie werden als Tee oder in Gelee-Zubereitungen genossen.

Schmuckkörbchen (Cosmos)
zieren in Japan im Herbst viele brachliegende Felder und sind als „Kirschblüten des Herbstes“ seit der Shoowa-Zeit sehr beliebt.

Stiefmütterchen
sind wegen ihrer Farbenvielfalt und ihres geringen Eigengeschmackes besonders beliebt auf Salaten und in Suppen.

Taglilienblüten
blühen, wie der Name sagt, nur einen Tag. Sie sind mild im Geschmack und fleischig in der Konsistenz. Sie werden oft in Suppen angeboten. Auch andere Lilienblüten, wie die der Hosta-Blume, werden gegessen.

Wicken
sind nicht nur beliebt für Blumengebinde, sondern auch auf bunten Salaten und in Suppen.



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Things found on the way




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HAIKU



edible plants
bring some color on your plate -
summer deepens


Gabi Greve
Summer 2007


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Related words

WKD : Lotus as KIGO


***** WASHOKU : General Information


. Orchid tree, Kachnar tree blossoms .
Eaten in India.


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Shooga Ginger

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Ginger, Ingwer (jinjaa, shooga )

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: See below
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation

Ingwer, Ginger, jinjaa ジンジャー, shooga 生姜

CLICK for more photos CLICK for some more photos


Ginger and related KIGO

shooga ichi 生姜市(しょうがいち) ginger market
observance kigo for autumn


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This root is eaten in many preparations in Japan and added to many dishes in small quantities. It has medical properties and is said to keep the body warm.

dried ginger root


gari ガリ ginger vinegar pickles for sushi
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


nama shooga, 生しょうが、 生姜 raw ginger


shin shooga 新生姜 new, fresh ginger


shoogamiso 生姜味噌 (しょうがみそ) Miso paste with ginger
kigo for all winter


shooga yuu 生姜 湯 hot water with ginger extract
kigo for all winter


Shoogazake 生姜酒 ( しょうがざけ) ricewine with ginger
kigo for all winter


Yanaka shooga やなか生姜, 谷中生姜 Yanaka stem ginger
The young shoots are havested all year. They are not as pungent as fully grown ginger and eaten raw with miso paste or other dressing.
Speciality of Yanaka village, Kyoto.
Best eaten in summer.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Yanaka shooga no buta roosu maki 谷中しょうがの豚ロース巻き
Yanaka ginger wrapped with pork loin



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Ginger and related KIGO

Ginger Root Festival (Shooga Matsuri)
Ginger Festival "Lazy Folk's Festival"(Dara-Dara Matsuri)


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU




*****************************
Related words

***** WASHOKU : INGREDIENTS


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4/18/2009

Rice, kome, types of rice

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Types of Japanese rice / Reissorten

Rice plant (ine 稲, sanae 早苗 )
Rice grains are called "kome, mai 米"

Oryza sativa var. japonica

cooked rice is gohan ご飯 or meshi 飯 (めし)


There are many local brands, some quite expensive.
burandomai ブランド米, ブランドマイ
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Many are short grain rice types.
There is also mochigome もちごめ もち米, sticky rice brands.
Some sources quote it as "pearl rice".

Mochi-Klebreis
mochigome is not only used crushed for mochi rice-cakes, but also for "sekihan 赤飯" festival rice with red beans and "okowa お強" steamed mochigome with red adzuki beans.

. Rice cakes (mochi 餅) Reiskuchen .


CLICK for more tanadamai photos

tanadamai 棚田米 rice from terraced fields
rather tasyt, since the temperature differences from day and night are usually large in mountainous areas
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



aigamo mai
あいがも米 / アイガモ米 / 合鴨米
rice grown in fields with aigamo ducks
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
a popular organic farming methods for paddy rice. Various brands are on the market.

The ducks feed on the insects and leave their excrements as fertilizer.
Reference

a brand called hatsushimo ”ハツシモ”, first frost.
. . . CLICK here for "first frost" Photos !

合鴨米ミルキークイーン Aigamo mai Milky Queen
. . . CLICK here for "Milky Queen" Photos !


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akagome, akamai 赤米(あかごめ、あかまい)
red rice, one of the kodai mai.
roter Reis

kodaimai 古代米 "rice of olden times"
Reis aus der guten alten Zeit

kodai no akamai 古代の赤米 "red rice of old"
Has been planted since the Asuka period, introduced from China.

shinzenmai 神饌米 red rice for the gods

There are three shrines in Japan where red rice is used for food offerings in ceremonies.
岡山県総社市の国司神社 Okayama, Kunishi Jinja
... in two locations 新庄国司神社・本庄国司神社

長崎県対馬市の多久頭魂神社 Nagasaki, Takuzudama Jinja
with more than 13 ceremonies per year. rice is grown in "temple fields 寺田".

鹿児島県種子島の宝満神社 Kagoshima, Tanegashima, Hooman Jinja
Rice is grown in 御畔 fields. More than 2000 years of tradition.

Akamai Sama - The red rice of Tsushima, Nagasaki
長崎・対馬の漁師に伝わる赤米さまと不思議な神事
akamai shinji 赤米神事 ritual of the red rice

Tsushima is an island between Japan and Korea, and was an important trade stop-over for the sea trade since olden times. Rice from the mainland came via this island to Japan.


In the "fields of the Gods" at Takuzutama Shrine (たくずたまじんじゃ 多久虫玉神社) there are 15 farmer families who keep the tradition. They cultivate the rice for offerings. Each family is leading the ceremonies for one year. After the harvest they prepare a large tawara straw bag with seed rice of the first harvest, called the "tanemomidawara 種籾俵" and hang it high in the tokonoma space for prayers. They add some special seaweed, nezumi mo ねずみ藻, to the decoration to appease the god of the sea.
The deity in residence at the shrine is Takamimusubi no mikoto 高皇産霊尊 at a special shrine, Takamimusubi jinja 高御魂神社.

On the 10th day of the first month in the new year, they take the bale down, put a ceremonial garment around it and carry it to the shrine in a procession along every household. Torches lit the way and people kneel along the road to pray to the deity.


The sacred shrine fields of Takuzutama Shrin


The red risps of the rice ears. 赤米の赤穂
akage mai 赤毛米
source : hero1945

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Shrine Izoo no Miya 伊雜宮 Izo no Miya

Ise no o-taue 伊勢の御田植 (いせのおたうえ)
planting rice at Ise

Rice for the Gods
. Ise Grand Shrine 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingu .


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genmai 玄米 - げんまい brown rice

unpolished rice
It comes in many regional varieties.
brauner Reis, ungeschälter Reis

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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Akebono 曙 アケボノ Morgensonne im Frühling
Okayama
. Akebono - spring morning light.

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061 rice akitakomachi

Akita komachi, Akitakomachi あきたこまち
"The Beauty Komachi from Akita"

named after the beauty Ono no Komachi (ca. 825-900), born in Yuzawa Town, Ogachi City, in the southeast of the prefecture.
short grain
Iwate, Akita
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
. WKD : Ono no Komachi .

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Asahi 朝日 morning light
Okayama

domannaka どまんなか
Yamgata

fukuhikari "shining luck"
Toyama


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fukkurinko (hukkurinko) ふっくりんこ happy child
Glueckliches Kind
This is also a play with the sound of fukkura, for a fluffy soft cooked rice.
Hokkaido
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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genkitsukushi
Fukuoka, Kyushu


hananomai, hana no mai
Yamagata, Chiba

hatsuboshi
Fukushima, Tochigi, Chiba

hatsushimo
Gifu

haenuki
Yamagata

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hime no mochi ひめのもち / ヒメノモチ
"mochi for the princess"

Mochi fuer die Prinzessin
Developed as mochi-grains in the year 1962 at the Tohoku Rice Research Center 東北農業試験場.
It is resistant against many dieseases, like imochibyo いもち病 and yields a large harvest.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
. Rice cakes (mochi 餅) Reiskuchen .


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hinohikari ”ひのひかり”light of the sun
Fukuoka, Saga, Kumamoto, Oita
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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hitomebore ひとめぼれ "Liebe auf den ersten Blick"
"falling in love with a person at first glance"
short grain, good in cold regions
Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima

Hitomebore is one of the most popular brands in Japan, grown in large areas ranked second in the year 1994. It is quite resistant to natural damages.
It tasts good when hot or cool.

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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hoshinoyume, hoshi no yume 星の夢  "dream of stars"
Hokkaido


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Kinuhikari, kinu hikari キヌヒカリ sparkling silk
Glitzernde Seide

This brand has been developed in 1988. The plant is a bit shorter than Koshihikari, but does not bend so easily. The taste is the same as Koshihikari.
Kinuhikari has short culm and high lodging resistance.

Ibaraki, Shiga, Fukuoka


A new rice cultivar 'YUMETSUKUSHI' ユメツクシ
developed by Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center in 1993 was selected from the cross between 'KINUHIKARI' and 'KOSHIHIKARI.


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kirara きらら sparkling
strahlend. Kirara 397
This was the first brand that changed the image of rice from Hokkaido from being unpalatable to a really delicious treat.
Hokkaido

Traditionally, producing rice in Hokkaido was difficult because of the island’s long, cold winters. However, in 1980 after many years in development, the delicious Kirara 397 variety which is resistant to the cold climate was born. Hokkaido eventually became Japan’s leading rice producing prefecture, topping rival Niigata. Its rice brands such as Nanatsuboshi and Hoshi No Yume won Hokkaido rice an A rank (second out of five) from the Japan Grain Inspection Association in 2004. And yet wholesale prices of Hokkaido rice remained low. That year the price of Japan’s leading rice brand, Niigata’s Koshihikari, was 19,138 yen per 60 kilogram while Akita prefecture’s Akitakomachiwent for 15,646 yen.
Yet Hokkaido’s Kirara 397 only managed 12,888 yen, a price that could not even recoup farmers’ production costs.
source : www.dentsu-pr.com


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koshihikari こしひかり コシヒカリ, 越光
"light from Koshi"

"NOT: the shimmering hip"
beams from Koshi, Strahlen von Koshi
short grain from Fukui
also from Uonumasan
Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Saitama, Chiba, Niigata, Ishikawa, Nagano, Gifu, Aichi, Mie, Shiga, Kyoto, Hyogo, Tottori, Shimane, Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tokushima, Kagawa, Koochi (Kochi), Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Kagoshima

Hochqualitäts-Reis
quote
Koshihikari was first created in 1956, by combining 2 different strains of Nourin No.1 and Nourin No.22 at the Fukui Prefectural Agricultural Research Facility. It has become very popular now in Japan, in part due to its good appearance. It is one of the most highly-grown varieties of rice in the country, and its taste is said to differ per region. Some people think very highly of the Koshihikari harvested in Uonuma area of Niigata Prefecture and so traded at the most expensive price in all of Japan.
The character for koshi (越) is used to represent old Koshi Province, which stretched from present-day Fukui to Yamagata. Koshihikari can be translated as "the light of Koshi ".
Other rice varieties close to its strains, such as Akitakomachi, Hitomebore, and Hinohikari have been created afterwards by cross-breeding Koshihikari with other Japanese varieties of rice.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Kumasan no Chikara ”くまさんのちから”熊産の力
Kumamoto, Kyushu



CLICK for more photos
mirukii kuiin ミルキークィーン "Milky queen"
Toyama
a new brand developed from koshihikari.
with a low amylose content, so the rice is more sticky. The grains are almost transparent before cooking and quite beautiful.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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from Hyogo

Mangetsu mochi 満月餅 "full moon mochi"
Vollmond-Mochi
It shows a rabbit in the moon pounding rice.

. Pounding rice in the moon .




Mie mochi 三重餅 Mochi-rice from Mie prefecture
"Mochi aus Mie"

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Murasaki ムラサキ - Murasaki Mai ムラサキ米
lit. purple rice
violetter Reis
a kind of genmai, unhulled rice.

But this name also reminds us of Lady Murasaki Shikibu of the Heian Court.

. Murasaki Shikibu ... 紫式部 .


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natsuhikari
Koochi, Kochi

Nihonbare
Hyogo

Niigata soosei
Niigata

Notohikari, Noto hikari
Ishikawa


Sagabiyori さがびより "Fine weather in Saga"
From Saga prefecture, Kyushu.
This variety has been developed by the Prefecture, because it is more resistent to the summer heat and changing weather patterns bring more heat to Saga.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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from Akita

sasanishiki ささにしき bamboo grass brocade
Bambusgras-Brokat
short grain
from Sendai, Miyagi
Created as a mixture of Hatsunishiki and Sasashigure at Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station in Miyagi prefecture in Japan in 1963.
It keeps its taste even when cool. So it is suited for Sushi and Onigiri.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
auch
Iwate, Yamagata, Akita

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soraiku
Hokkaido


todorokiwase
early ripe
Niigata

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Tsugaru otome 津軽乙女 girl from Tsugaru

Aomori




Tsugaru Roman 津軽ろまん - つがるロマン
romantic Tsugaru

Romantisches Tsugaru.
Grown at the foot of Mount Iwaki.
It was derived from Koshihikar, and is seen as the "grandchild" of this brand.
Aomori

From the Tsugaru peninsula of Aomori.

The illustration of the package features this famous
. Nebuta Festival ねぶた .





and with good rice, you make a good ricewine!



六花酒造 津軽 うめ カップ

With fresh water from the mountains of Shirakami Sanchi
and white rice from Aomori, Mutsu Homare むつほまれ
with plum patterns reminding of the Hirosaki Castle
and Mount Iwaki

and in a black bottle




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yamahikari
Tottori

yamahooshi, yamabooshi
Yamaguchi

yamahikari
Yamaguchi

yukihikari
Hokkaido

yukinosei
Niigata





Yume pirika ゆめぴりか beautiful dream
pirika is a word from the Ainu language, meaning beautiful.
Hokkaido


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Rice Tasting Event
Sapporo and Tokyo, in March and May each year


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quote


This rice field in the village of Inakadate, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, tells the story of an ancient battle between a warrior monk and a little hero-archer.
Over 1,000 villagers helped creating this amazing field.




This other field represents ‘The tale of the bamboo cutter’, also known as Princess Kaguya, which is a 10th century Japanese folktale, and considered the oldest extant Japanese narrative.

More is here
source : www.thezigzagger.com


Ganbaro がんばろ

. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011 .

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Kurz- und Langkornreis

Für den Handel unterscheidet man zwischen den beiden Extremen:
Langkornreis (auch Brühreis, Patna, es gibt sowohl trocken kochende indische und javanesische als auch klebrig kochende japanische Reissorten) und
Rundkornreis (auch Milchreis).
Langkornreis hat eine Länge von mehr als 6,0 mm. Das Verhältnis von Länge zu Dicke ist größer als 2 und kleiner als 3 bei Japonica, bzw. 3 und mehr bei Indica. Mittelkornreis ist 5,2–6,0 mm lang und das Verhältnis der Länge zur Breite beträgt weniger als 3. Rundkornreis ist 5,2 mm lang oder kürzer und das Verhältnis Länge zu Breite beträgt weniger als 2.

Die nach ihrer wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung wichtigsten Unterarten von Oryza sativa sind:
Oryza sativa ssp. indica, Langkornreis (Patna-Reis, Basmati-Reis)
Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, Langkornreis, auch Klebreis sowie Risotto-Reis
Oryza sativa ssp. javanica, Mittelkornreis
Oryza sativa var. glutinosa wird zum Beispiel in China oder Thailand angebaut.

Unterart japonica (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica)
Das Korn ist weicher als Langkornreis, wird im deutschsprachigen Raum vor allem für Milchreis gebraucht und ist auch unter dieser Bezeichnung im Handel. Die Körner sind kurz und dick, beinahe rund.

In Japan selbst wird dieser Reis normalerweise ohne Salz in Wasser gekocht und mit Gemüse, Fisch und Fleisch gegessen. Dabei handelt es sich nicht um eine Beilage, da der Reis als zentraler Bestandteil der Mahlzeit angesehen wird.

Auf Grund der großen Nord-Süd-Ausdehnung des Landes und somit sehr unterschiedlichen klimatischen Bedingungen werden viele verschiedene Reissorten angebaut. Die wohl bekanntesten sind Koshihikari und Sasanishiki. Der Reis wird sowohl poliert (hakumai: 白米 oder seimai: 精米) als auch unpoliert (genmai: 玄米) im Handel angeboten.

Neben dem „normalen“ Reis gibt es Reissorten, die für besondere Zwecke angebaut werden.

So ist Mochigome (餅米)
die japanische Bezeichnung für den trüben Klebreis, der normalerweise gestampft wird, so dass eine zähe, klebrige Masse entsteht, die sowohl für traditionelle Süßigkeiten benutzt werden kann als auch als Suppeneinlage oder geröstet als Mahlzeit.
Sakamai (酒米)
ist eine besonders großkörnige und stärkehaltige Reisart, die zur Herstellung von Sake, japanischem Reiswein, gebraucht wird.
Roter und schwarzer Naturreis sind in Japan unter dem Namen
Kodaimai (古代米) auf dem Markt, sie werden wegen ihres hohen Preises üblicherweise dem normalen Reis nur beigemischt.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !



indikamai, indika-mai インデイカ米 / インデイカ種 Indica rice
good for risotto, pilaf and fried rice.


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Worldwide use

ukiine, uki-ine 浮きイネ floating rice, deepwater rice
in Mali, a traditional rice growing method, where the cutting occurs with boats floating along the rice fields.
The stems grow up to five meters when the Niger river water starts to float the fields.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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Things found on the way


History of Rice Cultivation
Rice has been cultivated in China since ancient times and was introduced to India before the time of the Greeks. Chinese records of rice cultivation go back 4,000 years. In classical Chinese the words for agriculture and for rice culture are synonymous, indicating that rice was already the staple crop at the time the language was taking form. In several Asian languages the words for rice and food are identical. Many ceremonies have arisen in connection with planting and harvesting rice, and the grain and the plant are traditional motifs in Oriental art. Thousands of rice strains are now known, both cultivated and escaped, and the original form is unknown.

Read more: rice: History of Rice Cultivation
source : www.infoplease.com


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HAIKU



043 rice kodaimai genmai

kodaimai -
the smell of the gods
from ancient times


Gabi Greve, June 2009



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Related words

***** WASHOKU : Dishes with Rice
"Gohan" ご飯 or "meshi" 飯 めし.


***** WASHOKU : General Information


. WKD
Rice plant (ine) . A list of kigo.

New rice (shinmai) 

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"Planting rice"
Ohno Bakufu (1888-1976)
source : facebook

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Rice Reis, meshi gohan

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Rice, Reis, with many Japanese words

The Japanese Rice Culture -
die Reiskultur Japans.


Rice is the staple food of Japan.
There are many words for it, from the plant to the cooked product. Many of them are kigo.


Rice plant (ine 稲, sanae 早苗 )
Rice grains are called "kome, mai 米".
On the table and cooked, it is called

"Gohan" ご飯 or "meshi" 飯 めし.


CLICK for more tanada photos
Tanada ... Terraced rice fields of my home in Ohaga
Gabi Greve, Japan


Japan is a rice-growing culture. It has many regional celebrations and rituals related to rice growing and harvesting.
Rice is traditionally much more than just food.

Please read this first and come back:

Japanese Rice Culture
by Nold Egenter




quote
Imperial Rituals in Japan
The Emperor, embodying the god of the ripened rice plant, plants the first rice of the spring and harvests rice from the plants of the autumn. In one of the most solemn Shinto ceremonies of the year the Emperor, acting as the country's chief Shinto priest, ritually sows rice in the royal rice paddy on the grounds of the Imperial Palace.



The Great Food Offering —in which the Emperor spends the night with the Sun Goddess as a dinner guest—is something every emperor is required to do shortly after ascending to the throne. First recorded in A.D. 712, the ritual takes place at night because the Sun Goddess is in the sky during the day.

The rite follows a ritual bath, symbolizing purification, and takes place in two simple huts, made of unpealed logs and lit with oil lamps, erected on the Imperial Palace ground in Tokyo. The huts are believed to represent the original first huts where Jimmu Tenno communed with the Sun Goddess.

During the Great Food Offering, the Emperor absorbs some of the Sun Goddess spirit and thus "becomes a kind of living ancestor of the entire Japanese family." The pre-World War II belief that the Emperor was a living god is based on this ritual.
Murray Sayle wrote in the New Yorker, "I witnessed the most recent Great Food Offering....from my position behind a police barrier a hundred yards away. During my chilly vigil, all I saw was a figure in white silk—presumably the Emperor—flitting from one small building to another. It took perhaps one second in all."

No one but the Emperor has ever witnessed the ceremony. According to a press release from the Imperial Household Agency, "The new Emperor ... offers newly-harvested rice to the Imperial Ancestor [the Sun Goddess] and the deities of Heaven and Earth and then partakes of the rice himself, expresses gratitude to the Imperial Ancestor and these deities for peace and abundant harvests, and prays for the same on behalf of the country and people."
source : factsanddetails.com


A set of harvest festivals in November carried out at the imperial palace and shrines throughout the country:
. Niiname sai 新嘗祭
"Celebrations of the First Taste" .

November 23



. Inari 稲荷 Fox Deity, Rice Deity .


. Toyouke no Ookami 豊受大神
The Great Deity that gives Bountiful .

Deity of Rice and Food


. Akamai shinji 赤米神事 ritual of the red rice .
At Takuzutama Shrine 多久虫玉神社, Tsushima Island, Nagasaki
長崎県対馬市.




mikeden 御鐉殿(みけでん) "the sacred dining hall"
for the deities at Ise shrine.


quote
Higoto asayū ōmike sai
A celebration at the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū) in which sacred food is offered twice daily, in the morning and evening, to Amaterasu Ōmikami and other deities.
Also referred to as the regular sacred offering (jōten mike), this celebration corresponds to the daily offering (Onikku) ceremony conducted at ordinary shrines. In response to a dream revelation from Amaterasu Ōmikami during Emperor Yūryaku's reign, Toyouke Ōmikami was moved from Tanba Province to Ise Shrine as the tutelary deity of foodstuffs (miketsu kami).

Based on this lineage, kami seats (shinza) for Amaterasu Ōmikami, Toyouke Ōmikami, and a "deity enshrined on a subordinate altar in the same honden" (aidono no kami) are built in the Outer Shrine's Sacred Dining Hall (Mikeden). The Mikeden has an ancient architectural style with "log storehouse" (ita azekura) wall construction and steps carved from a single piece of timber (kizami kizahashi).
This structure is also where members of the Watarai priestly clan have traditionally served in such roles as senior priests (negi) reciting the norito or as children who observe votive abstinence and serve in ritual services (monoimi).

With the Meiji Restoration, shinza were added to auxiliary sanctuaries (betsugū) and senior priests, junior priests (gonnegi), and shrine administrators (gūshō) began serving inside the Mikeden. Although "Meiji-Period Rules for Ritual Procedures at Jingū" (Jingū Meiji saishiki) did not designate this ceremony as a matsuri, the later "Regulations on Ritual Observances at Jingū" (Jingū saishirei) positioned it as a lesser festival (chūsai) and named it Higotoasayū ōmikesai.
Whereas other Ōmike ceremonies take place in front of the main sanctuary (shōden) building, this celebration is unique because the deity is "worshipped at a distance" (yōhai) from inside the Mikeden.
source : Nakanishi Masayuki, 2006, Kokugakuin



Shingu shinden 新宮神田 rice fields for the deities
at Ise shrine. 神田(しんでん=神殿)
They are 3 hectar large.

. Ise Grand Shrine (伊勢神宮 .

. shinden 神田 - saiden 斎田 "divine rice field" .



. Hoozuki ichi 鬼燈市 lampion flower market .
shiman rokusen nichi 四万六千日 46000 days
Why 46000 days, you might ask?
This is supposed to be the number of rice grains in one Japanese measure of rice, Japan being an old rice-growing nation and wasting even one grain of it was a big sin.


The koku, kokudaka (石/石高) is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year (one masu is enough rice to feed a person for one day).
A koku of rice weighs about 150 kilograms.
During the Edo period of Japanese history, each han (fiefdom) had an assessment of its wealth, and the koku was the unit of measurement.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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Some vocabulary


chagayu 大和の茶がゆ rice gruel cooked with tea and
chahan 茶飯 / 大和茶飯 rice boiled with tea and soy beans
from Nara prefecture 



daikon-meshi 大根飯 rice with radish
gekochter Reis mit geschnetzeltem Rettich



gohan no tomo ご飯の供 "friend of the cooked rice"
condiments and food you place on your rice bowl, for example furikake
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
CLICK for more photos gohan no tomo ご飯の友 "friend of cooked rice"
a spedial brand from Kumamoto. A kind of furikake, with various flavors.
shiso perilla, hijiki seaweed, spicy sesame, norigoma seaweed with sesame
御飯の友






gyohan 魚飯 "fish rice"
Special dish served for celebrations, especially along the Inland Sea and at Takehara. The rich owners of salt production fields served it to their visitors.
Various ingredients are finely shredded, the shrimp flavored with salt. The ingredients are served separately on a huge plate. Each visitor takes a bit of each on his bowl of rice, then plenty of dashi soup is added.




kama-meshi 釜飯 rice, meat, and vegetables boiled together in a small pot
Gericht, bei dem Reis mit den anderen Zutaten zusammen in einem kleinen Topf gedämpft wird
Reis und Beilagen im gleichen Topf gekocht


katemeshi かて めし (糅飯) rice mixed with vegetables, radish, seaweed or other ingredients to make it last longer in times of scarcity
gemischter Reis


kenmai 献米 rice offering
Reisopfer
. shinjin kyooshoku 神人共食
God and Man eating together .

shinsen 神饌 Shinto- Food offerings / Shinto-Speiseopfer
shinsenmai 神饌米 Reis als Speise-Opfergabe in Shinto-Zeremonien.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


koge, o-koge, okoge, rice crust in the pot おこげ (御焦げ)
kogemeshi こげめしdishes with okoge
festgebackener Reis, angebrannter Reis am Topfboden


mochi もち (餅) pounded rice taffy
das Mochi; Reiskuchen


nuka ぬか (糠) rice bran
Reiskleie


ojiya, o-jiya おじや kind of rice gruel with miso base
The name comes from the sound of the slowly cooking broth, jiyajiya じやじや.
kigo for winter
dicke Reissuppe; (mit Miso oder Sojasoße gewürzt)

o-kayu, okayu, kayu 粥 rice gruel
Reissuppe; Reisgrütze
auch ojiya genannt.
(nicht identisch mit dem in Deutschland als REISBREI bekannten Gericht mit Zimt und Zucker)
. . . Chinowagayu, chinowa-gayu 茅の輪粥 rice porridge
chi no wa kayu, served on the last day of the sixth month.



kodaimai こだいまい 古代米 rice of old / my photo
rice from the time of the gods
genmai, gokoku mai



o-kowa, okowa おこわ (御強) "the honorable strong one"
mix of regular Japanese short grain rice and mochi-gome, sticky rice cooked with other ingredients.
kowameshi こわめし
Mochi-Klebreis mit roten Bohnen


Onigiri おにぎり rice balls
der Onigiri; Reiskloß, Reisball


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sakameshi (さかめし - 酒飯)  "rice wine rice"
special fermented rice kooji used for brewing Sake. It was used by the poor of Edo boiled a bit to make it a Kowameshi 強飯 .


酒飯の掌にかかるみぞれ哉
sakameshi no tenohira ni kakaru mizore kana

my poor dinner
in the palm of my hand...
falling sleet

Tr. David Lanoue


sleet falls
on a palm holding
steamed rice for sake

Tr. Chris Drake


This hokku was written on 10/28 (Dec. 11) in 1803, when Issa was living in Edo. The hokku and the hokku following it in Issa's diary seem to be based on a visit to a sake brewery. Issa had just written a kasen renku sequence with the poet and rich merchant Seibi, so he could have gone with Seibi to visit a brewery. In any case, Issa is interested by the newly steamed rice that one of the brewers seems to be inspecting.

The rice used in making sake is first washed and steam-cooked (not boiled) and then cooled before it is mixed with the other ingredients. This specially steamed rice is still fairly hard on the outside and is not considered food or delicious. The brewer needs to test its feel, smell, color, body, and whether it's been cooked enough, but it's a dark winter day and there are only a few oil lamps inside for light, so he carries a handful of the rice outside the brewery door, where it's lighter and he can see better. The way the warm steam rises up from the rice through the cold sleet falling on it perhaps suggests the intensity of the brewer's stare and his obvious strong desire to steam the latest batch of rice inside just the right amount.

Chris Drake


The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


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sakurameshi (さくらめし) 桜飯、桜めし "cherryblossom rice"
boiled with sake and soy sauce
sakura gohan さくらご飯 "cherry blossom rice" Shizuoka
mit Sojasoße und Sake gekochter Reis


sekihan 赤飯(せきはん) "red rice"
cooked for celebrations
Reis für Feierlichkeiten, mit roten Bohnen, Reis mit roten Bohnen
Usually salt with black sesame (gomajio) is used to sprinkle over the rice, but in the town of Naruto, Tokushima, people use freshly ground white sesame with a lot of sugar. (The salt fields of Naruto provided people with cheap salt, so on a festive day, they wanted to eat something better, sweet sugar.



semai 施米 (せまい) alms of rice

kigo for late summer
Every year in the sixth lunar month, the Heian court officials would give offerings to the temples and poor begging monks of the capital, Kyoto. Often they also gave some salt.
Summer Ceremonies SAIJIKI


shiina 粃 unripe rice
Bezeichnung für taube Reiskörner, unreifer Reis; unreife Ähre, unreife Frucht


sutamina raisu スタミナライス stamina rice
a plate of rice, pork cutlet, cut cabbage and vegetables fried with sesame oil (Chinese style) and a fried egg on top of it all
From Nemuro town, Hokkaido 北海道根室
There are many dishes with a plate of rice and various topping, Western style. The influence of Western Food was quite strong in this part of Hokkaido.
panchi raisu パンチライス "ice with a punch"
(with sauted pork, some spagetti, a fried egg on a plate of rice)
esukaroppu エスカロップ escalop



takikomi gohan, takikomigohan たきこみご飯 ・ 炊き込みご飯
mixed rice since a number of ingredients are added in the rice.
source :  http://japanesefood.about.com / Recipe
Reis gekocht mit weiteren Zutaten



. taue meshi 田植飯(たうえめし)rice eaten during rice planting  
usually some nigiri for all the participants, eaten in a hurry to finish the work needed for the day.
tauezakana 田植肴(たうえざかな)side dishes for rice planting
usually a few slices of pickled radish takuan and plums (umeboshi).
kigo for mid-summer




togi-jiru, togijiru とぎじる(研ぎ汁)
water in which rice has been washed
Wasser, in dem Reis oder andere Nahrungsmittel gescheuert worden sind



yuzu gohan ゆず御飯 rice with yuzu citrons at temple Sanpo-ji, Kyoto



zakkoku mai, ざっこく(雑穀) rice mixed with various cereal grains like buckwheat, millet, whole grains and mixed seeds
(minderwertige) Geteidesorten
Getreidesorten außer Reis und Weizen


zoosui 雑炊 rice gruel, rice soup with ingredients like vegetables and chicken
Reissuppe mit Gemüse. #zosui



The great rice paddle in Miyajima 宮島しゃもじ
shamoji
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kiganmai 祈願米 "consecrated rice"
It is first placed in front of the deity in a Shinto shrine or a Buddhist temple and the priest performs purifying rites with his wand or chants sutras for purification. Later this rice is sold in the shops to bring happiness for the new year, help students pass the examinations and keep people healthy.

Many shrines in Japan perform these rites during the New Year festivities. Click on the photo to see some more.
shoofuku kigan mai 招福祈願米
consecrated rice to bring good luck

The rites were performed for example at Temple Saidai-Ji in Okayama in January 6, 2010.


peanuts are also consecrated in this way.
shoofuku kigan mame (kiganmame) 招福祈願豆

Beans are also consecrated for the Setsubun festivities on February 2/3.


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kome kona, kome no kona こめこな / 米の粉 rice flour
ground rice powder

The group "Food Action Nippon" is promoting the use of this, to increase the food self-sufficiency of Japan.
. . . Reference : FOOD ACTION NIPPON(フードアクションニッポン)
Flour is used for noodles, bread and cakes or mixed with wheat flour.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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observance kigo for the New Year

hatsu kashigi 初炊ぎ (はつかしぎ) first cooking (of rice)
kashigizome 炊ぎ初(かしぎぞめ)
takizome 炊初(たきぞめ), takizome 焚初(たきぞめ)
wakameshi 若飯(わかめし)first cooked rice

hatsu kamado 初竈 (はつかまど)
first use of the hearth (fire)


Firsts things in the New Year

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List of RICE PLANT KIGO
in the World Kigo Database


Fields, rice paddies (ta, hatake) Japan

God of the Rice Paddies (田の神 ta no kami) Japan

. . . . . fukidawara 蕗俵(ふきだわら)"butterbur barrels" as an offering to the God of the Fields

kometsuki 米搗き professional grain pounders

Nikkoo Goohan-Shiki 日光強飯式Gohanshiki.
Ceremony of eating large bowls of rice

Pounding Rice (mochi tsuki) Japan, Philippines
..... New Year's Rice Dumplings (toshi no mochi, kagamimochi, zoonimochi) and a few more
..... The Hare/Rabbit in the Moon

Raw fish, sashimi, sushi and .. rice balls (onigiri) Japan

..... Rice plants (ine) Japan. A list of kigo. New rice
(shinmai 新米 (しんまい))

Rice fields(tanbo, tanada) Japan. A list of kigo.

Rice cake offerings for the New Year (kagami mochi) Japan

Rice gruel (kayu) Japan. Porridge, congee in many kigo.

Rice wine (ricewine) sake, Japan Reiswein

Withered rice paddies (karita) Japan

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25 komebitsu small wood bowl for rice

komebitsu 米びつ container to keep cooked rice for serving


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CLICK for more photos

meshizaru 飯笊 (めしざる) basket for rice
..... meshikago 飯籠(めしかご)
Mostly of woven bamboo, which has some ability to keep the rice from getting bad in summer.
Before putting the rice in the basket, a towel is spread to prevent the rice grains from getting squeezed in the holes of the basket.
kigo for all summer




- quote
jikirou 食籠 jikiroo, jikiro
A lidded food container,
usually layered and lacquered with decorations of sunken gold *chinkin 沈金, carved lacquer *choushitsu 彫漆, mother-of-pearl inlay *raden 螺鈿, or metal leaf decoration, haku-e 箔絵, or sometimes of plain black lacquer, woven bamboo, or pottery. Round, quadrilateral hexagonal, octagonal and circular flower shapes are common.
Made in Yuan and Ming period China and in the Ryuukyuu 琉球 (now Okinawa prefecture), jikirou have been imported to Japan since the Kamakura period. They were later used as sweets containers at tea ceremonies.
A common type is the juubako 重箱 (tiered food box) usually covered with *makie 蒔絵 and consisting of two, three, five or more tiers to store cooked rice, stewed dished, fish, or raw vegetables separately. In the Edo period juubako were common at picnics, and used with sagejuu 提重 (a picnic box holding various food and beverage containers in a light and compact form). The upper classes had highly decorated lacquer boxes while the lower classes had plain wood or unadorned lacquered grounds.
- source : Jaanus

. kago 籠 / 篭 / かご basket, baskets of all kinds .

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ohachi-ire 飯櫃入 (おはちいれ) container to keep the rice warm
(word used in Kanto)
hitsuire 櫃入れ(ひついれ)(word used in Kansai)
ohachibuton 飯櫃蒲団(おはちぶとん)quilt to cover it
ohachifugo 飯櫃畚(おはちふご)straw mat to cover it
A container made from straw with a lid. The rice containder with the cooked rice (komebitsu) was put it here to keep the rice warm for the next meal.
kigo for all winter



飯櫃入渋光りとも煤光りとも
ohachi-ire shibuhikari to mo susuhikari to mo

warmer for cooked rice -
shines of incrustations
shines of soot

Takahama Kyoshi 高浜虚子



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Dishes with mostly rice

Bibimba, Korean rice dish
Koreanisches Reisgericht

Chaahan, fried rice
gebratener Reis, chinesische Art

Chazuke
Schale Reis mit Beilagen und grünem Tee übergossen

Chikin raisu, chicken rice
Huhn auf Reis

Donburi
Schale mit gekochtem Reis und Beilagen

Doria
Reiseintopf mit Fisch oder Hühnerfleisch
Italian food イタリアン料理 Spaghetti, Pizza, Pasta, Doria, Pesto

Gomoku gohan (kayaku gohan)
Reis mit aufgeletem Gemüse und Fischstücken

Hayashi raisu
Haschee auf Reis


Karee raisu, curry rice
Curryreis


Kuppa, Korean rice soup
Koreanische Reissuppe

Makunouchi bentoo
Lunchpaket „zwischen den Akten“

Meshi, gohan, white cooked rice
Weißer Reis

Nattokakegohan
Reis mit fermentierten Natto-Bohnen

Ochazuke
Schale Reis mit grünem Tee übergossen

Ohagi
Mochireis-Klößchen, mit Anko bedeckt

Okayu, kayu, simple rice soup
Einfache Reissuppe

Okowa
Mochi-Klebreis mit roten Bohnen

Ojiya, thick rice soup
Dicke Reissuppe

Omuraisu, omlet with rice
Omelett mit Reis

Onigiri
Reiskloß, Reisball

Pirafu
Pilaf, gebratener Reis

Takikomigohan, rice cooked with further ingredients
Reis gekocht mit weiteren Zutaten

Tamagokakegohan, rice with a raw egg
„Reis mit rohem Ei“

Zoosui, rice soup with other ingredients
Reissuppe mit weiteren Zutaten

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SHU 13 rice cooking 051119


cooking rice in Japan

はじめちょろちょろなかぱっぱ 赤子泣いても蓋とるな
hajime choro-choro, naka pappa,
akago naitemo futa toru na

First use low heat, then turn it up in the middle
and never take off the lid even if your baby cries.


Anfangs choro-choro, langsam anheizen bis es Blasen gibt und man das Blubbern hört, dann kräftig weiterkochen, bis das Wasser papp-pa zischt.
Und auf keinen Fall den Deckel abheben, selbst wenn die Kinder vor Hunger weinen.
choro

The first slow heat gives the grains time to soak up water choro-choro. When they are full of water they can be cooked much faster papp-pa. And after cooking, keep it standing for a while (even if the children are hungry).

Auch die Reihenfolge in der Familie beim Reisessen war festgelegt.

Even the order of eating rice in the family was given.
First the children.
Then the menfolk, starting with the eldest.
Next the mother-in-law and other in-law family members.
Finally the daughter in law.


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梅雨湿りカレーライスを食べにけり
tsuyu shimeri karee raisu o tabe ni keri

humid rainy season ...
I go out to eat some
curry rice


Wakimoto Maki 脇本 眞樹(塾長)
月曜日, 6月 29, 2009
http://333751044.blogspot.com/2009/06/blog-post_3891.html



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kinako musubi "きな粉むすび" rice balls with bean flour


似合はしや豆の粉飯に桜狩り
niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari

so fitting -
bean-flour rice balls
while blossom hunting

Tr. Barnhill

Written in 1690 元禄3年
While visiting Iga Ueno.

mame no ko meshi is cooked rice sprinkled with kinako bean powder (kinako meshi きな粉飯), which can be formed to musubi balls. This is simple but nurrishing food for the very poor.
sakura-gari is an expression referring to the elegant cherry blossom parties of the court of the Heian period. The normal word would be hanami.
Here Basho contrasts the simple food with a free enjoyment of blossoms, just right for the haikai friends in Ueno.

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seri gohan 芹の飯 cooked rice with dropwort


我がためか鶴食み残す芹の飯
waga tame ka tsuru hami-nokosu seri no meshi

just for me -
the crane left over some
rice with dropwort


A disciple from Iga brought this dish to his master.
Ishikawa Senten 石川山店
dates unknown.
He was the younger brother of Ishikawa Hokkon 北鯤.
One of his hokku is in Sarumino.


1683. Basho is reminded of a a line in the poem by the Chinese poet Du Fu (Tu Fu), imagining the rice gruel at a shop in Seidei town. He is also comparing his disciple Senten to a crane, which likes dropwort very much.
Senten spared some of his own rice and gave it to him.


飯には煮る青泥坊底の芹
meshi ni wa niru Seidei bootei no seri

For cooking rice
dropwort picked at the embankment
of Seidei pond are best.


Seidei 青泥 was a town near the capital of Cho-an 長安, China.



is it for me
the crane leaves rice with parsley
for me to eat

Tr. Reichhold



MORE
Hokku about food and rice dishes by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


. Japanese parcely 芹 seri, dropwort .
Oenanthe javanica
kigo for spring

愛汝玉山草堂靜,高秋爽氣相鮮新。
有時自發鐘磬響,落日更見漁樵人。
盤剝白鴉谷口栗,飯煮青泥坊底芹。
何為西莊王給事,柴門空閉鎖松筠。

Poem by Du Fu.

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NEXT
Types of Japanese Rice .. 米 kome, mai


. WASHOKU
Favorite Rice Dishes from Edo .
 



My photos with RICE !


Traditional Folk Toys : Rice and Rice straw dolls




"Planting rice" Ohno Bakufu (1888-1976)
source : facebook

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. Fertility rites - praying for a good harvest .


WASHOKU : INGREDIENTS


For more words with RICE as food, check the main
WASHOKU ... Japanese Food SAIJIKI



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